RIPv1, the original version, is a classful protocol that examines and evaluates network paths based on the hops to the pre-determined destination. Typically, it communicates with other networks by broadcasting its IP address. Meanwhile, the newer version, RIPv2, shares its routing table through a multicast address, which identifies the main computer network.
This version, which is a classless protocol, also features advanced security measures, like authentication, to protect data. RIPv2 is beneficial for smaller networks because it can only support router journeys of 15 hops or fewer. Cisco, an international technology company, created IGRP. It uses many of RIP's foundational functions but increases the maximum amount of supported hops to As a result, it may work better for larger networks.
IGRPs are distance vector and classful protocols. To function, IGRP includes metrics like network capacity, reliability and load to compare.
This type also automatically updates when changes, like route adjustments, occur. This helps prevent routing loops, which are errors that create an endless circle of data transfer.
This type classifies as a distance vector, interior gateway and classless protocol. It uses the reliable transport protocol and the diffusing update algorithm to speed up the data convergence process, which maximizes efficiency. When in use, a router can take information from other routers' tables and record them as references. If a change occurs, each router notifies its neighbor to help ensure they all know which data routes are in use.
This helps prevent potential miscommunications between routers. OSPF—which classifies as a link state, interior gateway and classless protocol—uses the shortest path first SPF algorithm to ensure the efficient transmission of data.
Internally, this type maintains multiple databases with topology tables and information about its entire network. Typically, the information comes from link state advertisements sent by individual routers.
The advertisements, which are like reports, share detailed descriptions of the path's distance and how many resources it may require. OSPF uses an algorithm called Dijkstra to recalculate pathways when topology changes occur.
It also uses authentication practices to ensure its data is secure throughout changes or network breaches. Small and large network organizations may benefit from using OSPF because of its scalability features.
The metrics used are load, bandwidth, delay, MTU, and reliability. It is widely used by routers to exchange routing data within an autonomous system. This type of routing protocol is the best for larger network size as it broadcasts after every 90 seconds, and it has a maximum hop count of It helps you to sustain larger networks compared to RIP.
IGRP is also widely used as it is resistant to routing loop because it updates itself automatically when route changes occur within the specific network. It is also given an option to load balance traffic across equal or unequal metric cost paths. Link State Protocols take a unique approach to search the best routing path.
In this protocol, the route is calculated based on the speed of the path to the destination and the cost of resources. EGP is a protocol used to exchange data between gateway hosts that are neighbors with each other within autonomous systems. This routing protocol offers a forum for routers to share information across different domains. EGP protocol includes known routers, network addresses, route costs, or neighboring devices.
EIGRP is a hybrid routing protocol that provides routing protocols, distance vector, and link-state routing protocols. Area design involves considering geographical location of offices and traffic flows across the enterprise. It is important to be able to summarize addresses for many offices per area and minimize broadcast traffic. Fast convergence is accomplished with the SPF Dijkstra algorithm which determines a shortest path from source to destination.
The routing table is built from running SPF which determines all routes from neighbor routers. Since each OSPF router has a copy of the topology database and routing table for its particular area, any route changes are detected faster than with distance vector protocols and alternate routes are determined. Designated routers establish adjacencies with all routers on that network segment. This is to reduce broadcasts from all routers sending regular hello packets to its neighbors. The DR sends multicast packets to all routers that it has established adjacencies with.
Each router is assigned a router ID, which is the highest assigned IP address on a working interface. An intermediate system is a router and IS-IS is the routing protocol that routes packets between intermediate systems. Neighbor routers on point to point and point to multipoint links establish adjacencies by sending hello packets and exchanging link state databases.
IS-IS routers on broadcast and NBMA networks select a designated router that establishes adjacencies with all neighbor routers on that network. The designated router and each neighbor router will establish an adjacency with all neighbor routers by multicasting link state advertisements to the network itself.
IS-IS uses a hierarchical area structure with level 1 and level 2 router types. Level 1 routers are similar to OSPF intra-area routers, which have no direct connections outside of its area. Level 2 routers comprise the backbone area which connects different areas similar to OSPF area 0. The difference with IS-IS is that the links between routers comprise the area borders and not the router. Each IS-IS router must have an assigned address that is unique for that routing domain. An address format is used which is comprised of an area ID and a system ID.
There is support for variable length subnet masks, which is standard with all link state protocols. Note that IS-IS assigns the routing process to an interface instead of a network. Border Gateway Protocol is an exterior gateway protocol , which is different from the interior gateway protocols discussed so far. Exterior gateway protocols such as BGP route between autonomous systems, which are assigned a particular AS number.
AS numbers can be assigned to an office with one or several BGP routers. The difference is their autonomous systems refer to a logical grouping of routers within the same administrative system.
They are all managed by the company for defining route summarization, redistribution and filtering. You just need to configure the networks to be advertised on a router directly connected to them. Types of routing protocols There are two types of routing protocols: 1. Distance vector protocols As the name implies, distance vector routing protocols use distance to determine the best path to a remote network. Link state protocols Link state routing protocols are the second type of routing protocols.
Each router running a link state routing protocol creates three different tables: neighbor table — the table of neighboring routers running the same link state routing protocol. Difference between distance vector and link state routing protocols The following table summarizes the differences:.
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