The speaker must convince the audience of their credibility through the language they use and through the delivery, or embodied performance, of their speech. Emotional appeals to the audience to evoke feelings of pity, sympathy, tenderness, or sorrow. The speaker may also want the audience to feel anger, fear, courage, love, happiness, sadness, etc. In classical rhetoric, logos is the means of persuasion by demonstration of the truth, real or apparent, the reasons or supporting information used to support a claim, the use of logic or reason to make an argument.
Logos can include citing facts and statistics, historical events, and other forms of fact based evidence. The right time to speak or write; advantageous, exact, or critical time; a window of time during which action is most effective.
Martin Luther King Jr. The skilled rhetor is able to move the argument away from stasis. Rhetor A asserts that abortion is murder. Rhetor B asserts that abortion is not murder. This is the point of stasis.
The argument cannot rest here indefinitely. One of these rhetors must get the argument beyond the issue of murder. Description: What does this text look like? Where did you find the text? Who sponsored it? What are the rhetorical appeals? Analysis: Why does the author incorporate these rhetorical appeals?
For example, why does the author incorporate calm music? What is the point of the pathos? How would the reception of this text change if it were written today, as opposed to twenty years ago? What is left out of this text and why? A rhetorical analysis asks you to explain how writers or speakers within specific social situations attempt to influence others through discourse including written or spoken language, images, gestures, and so on.
A rhetorical analysis is not a summary. Purpose : To inform, persuade, entertain; what the author wants the audience to believe, know, feel, or do. Message : The content of the text, the key point s the author is communicating to the audience. Medium and genre : The delivery method, which includes broadly and narrowly defined categories of communication such as:. After breaking down the rhetorical situation, you need to analyze how the author uses rhetorical techniques to convey the message.
As you analyze the text, consider:. Understanding Assignments. Reading Scholarly Sources. To exhort or dissuade from certain action? To praise or blame? To teach, to delight, or to persuade? Who make up the audience? Who is the intended audience? What values does the audience hold that the author or speaker appeals to? Who have been or might be secondary audiences? If this is a work of fiction, what is the nature of the audience within the fiction? What is the content of the message?
Can you summarize the main idea? What are the principal lines of reasoning or kinds of arguments used? What topics of invention are employed? How does the author or speaker appeal to reason?
What is the form in which it is conveyed? What is the structure of the communication; how is it arranged?
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