Most are found in areas of the body that are frequently exposed to the sun, such as the ears, lips, face, balding scalp, neck, hands, arms, and legs.
Less commonly, they may appear on mucous membranes and genitals. Regardless of what form the bumps take, they do not heal or go away on their own. Squamous cell skin cancer is diagnosed by a skin biopsy.
While the dermatologist may have a good idea of what a skin abnormality is just by looking at it, the main differences between squamous cell and basal cell cancer are apparent under a microscope. Although squamous cell cancers usually grow slowly, it is important to see a dermatologist quickly. Leffell explains.
The treatment for squamous cell cancer varies according to the size and location of the lesion. The surgical options are the same as those for basal cell cancer:. Simple, small cancers can often be treated very well by a local dermatologist, according to Dr. We get referred to the cases that need special attention. Leffell emphasizes that at Yale Medicine, the patient always comes first. We prefer to take a minimalist approach and let the patient decide what they want us to do and how they want to let their skin heal.
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Your in-depth coping with cancer guide will be in your inbox shortly. You will also receive emails from Mayo Clinic on the latest about cancer news, research, and care. Skin cancer begins in the cells that make up the outer layer epidermis of your skin. One type of skin cancer called basal cell carcinoma begins in the basal cells, which make skin cells that continuously push older cells toward the surface. As new cells move upward, they become flattened squamous cells, where a skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma can occur.
Melanoma, another type of skin cancer, arises in the pigment cells melanocytes. Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin occurs when the flat, thin squamous cells in the middle and outer layers of your skin develop changes mutations in their DNA.
A cell's DNA contains the instructions that tell a cell what to do. The mutations tell the squamous cells to grow out of control and to continue living when normal cells would die. Most of the DNA mutations in skin cells are caused by ultraviolet UV radiation found in sunlight and in commercial tanning lamps and tanning beds.
But sun exposure doesn't explain skin cancers that develop on skin not ordinarily exposed to sunlight. This indicates that other factors may contribute to your risk of skin cancer, such as having a condition that weakens your immune system. Fair skin. Anyone, regardless of skin color, can get squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. However, having less pigment melanin in your skin provides less protection from damaging UV radiation. If you have blond or red hair and light-colored eyes and you freckle or sunburn easily, you're much more likely to develop skin cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma, than is a person with darker skin.
Untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the skin can destroy nearby healthy tissue, spread to the lymph nodes or other organs, and may be fatal, although this is uncommon. The risk of aggressive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin may be increased in cases where the cancer:. Wear protective clothing. Cover your skin with dark, tightly woven clothing that covers your arms and legs, and a broad-brimmed hat, which provides more protection than does a baseball cap or visor.
Some companies also sell protective clothing. A dermatologist can recommend an appropriate brand. Don't forget sunglasses.
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